Note: यदि आप नीचे दिए गए ‘Top 100 GK Questions with Answers‘ को हिंदी में पढ़ना चाहते हैं तो ऊपर दाहिनी तरफ ‘English’ बटन पर क्लिक करके भाषा बदल सकते हैं। Welcome back to The Lucknow Classes! If you are aiming to crack the any upcoming exams, mastering the Top 100 GK Questions with Answers is the most effective way to start. General Knowledge forms the bedrock of major tests, from state-level selections to national exams conducted by bodies like the UPSC.
In this comprehensive guide, we have compiled the absolute Top 100 GK Questions with Answers to streamline your study sessions. Whether you need top 100 GK questions with answers for a quick revision to build your base, or the top 100 gk questions for class 9 with answers, you are in the right place. Dive into these simple gk questions with answers and elevate your score with our handpicked GK Questions in English.
To make learning easier, we have divided these GK Questions into 10 different categories, providing exactly 15 questions per section (with the final section containing 10). Let’s begin!
Part 1 of Top 100 GK Questions Answer: Ancient, Medieval, and Mughal History
1. Who founded the Maurya Empire?
A) Ashoka
B) Bindusara
C) Chandragupta Maurya
D) Bimbisara
Ans. C) Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: He overthrew the Nanda Dynasty in 322 BCE with Chanakya’s help.
2. In which year did the Battle of Plassey take place?
A) 1757
B) 1764
C) 1857
D) 1905
Ans. A) 1757
Explanation: The British East India Company defeated the Nawab of Bengal, initiating British rule.
3. Which Veda is considered the oldest?
A) Samaveda
B) Yajurveda
C) Atharvaveda
D) Rigveda
Ans. D) Rigveda
Explanation: It is an ancient collection of Sanskrit hymns composed around 1500 BCE.
4. Who was the first Mughal Emperor of India?
A) Akbar
B) Babur
C) Humayun
D) Shah Jahan
Ans. B) Babur
Explanation: Babur won the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 to establish the empire.
5. The Indus Valley Civilization city of Mohenjo-Daro was discovered in which year?
A) 1919
B) 1920
C) 1921
D) 1922
Ans. D) 1922
Explanation: It was excavated by R.D. Banerjee in the Sindh province.
6. Which Indus Valley Civilization site provides evidence of a prehistoric dockyard?
A) Harappa
B) Mohenjodaro
C) Lothal
D) Kalibangan
Ans. C) Lothal
Explanation: Lothal (in modern-day Gujarat) featured a massive tidal dockyard connected to the Sabarmati river, highlighting the civilization’s extensive overseas trade network.
7. Who was the first woman ruler of the Delhi Sultanate?
A) Rani Lakshmibai
B) Razia Sultan
C) Nur Jahan
D) Chand Bibi
Ans. B) Razia Sultan
Explanation: She was Iltutmish’s daughter and ruled from 1236 to 1240.
8. Which Mughal ruler built the Taj Mahal?
A) Akbar
B) Jahangir
C) Shah Jahan
D) Aurangzeb
Ans. C) Shah Jahan
Explanation: He built it in Agra as a mausoleum for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
9. The famous “Gayatri Mantra” is found in which of the four Vedas?
A) Rigveda
B) Samaveda
C) Yajurveda
D) Atharvaveda
Ans. A) Rigveda
Explanation: The Gayatri Mantra is dedicated to the solar deity Savitr and is contained within the 3rd Mandala (book) of the Rigveda, the oldest of the Vedas.
10.Where was the First Buddhist Council held shortly after the Mahaparinirvana (death) of the Buddha?
A) Vaishali
B) Rajgriha
C) Pataliputra
D) Kashmir
Ans. A) Rajgriha
Explanation: It was convened at the Sattapanni Cave in Rajgriha under the patronage of King Ajatashatru of the Haryanka dynasty to preserve the Buddha’s teachings.
11. Who wrote the ancient text “Arthashastra”?
A) Megasthenes
B) Chanakya
C) Kalidasa
D) Banabhatta
Ans. B) Chanakya (He is also known as Kautilya.)
Explanation: It is a foundational Indian treatise on statecraft and economic policy.
12. Which Maurya ruler is famously associated with the Rock Edicts spreading the philosophy of ‘Dhamma’?
A) Chandragupta Maurya
B) Bindusara
C) Ashoka
D) Dasharath
Ans. B) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Explanation: Shaken by the bloodshed of the Kalinga War, Ashoka converted to Buddhism and engraved structural principles of moral conduct (Dhamma) on rocks and pillars across his empire.
13. Which ancient text is primarily associated with Indian medicine?
A) Sushruta Samhita
B) Charaka Samhita
C) Both A and B
D) Rigveda
Ans. C) Both A and B
Explanation: Both are classical texts of Ayurveda covering medicine and surgery.
14. Who introduced the new religion “Din-i-Ilahi”?
A) Akbar
B) Babur
C) Shah Jahan
D) Aurangzeb
Ans. A) Akbar
Explanation: It was a syncretic religion proposed by Akbar in 1582 to promote harmony.
15. The classic Sanskrit play Abhigyanashakuntalam was written during the Golden Age of the Gupta Empire by whom?
A) Kalidasa
B) Vishakhadatta
C) Shudraka
D) None of these
Ans. A) Kalidasa
Explanation: Kalidasa was one of the “Nine Gems” (Navaratnas) in the court of Gupta Emperor Chandragupta II, celebrated for his unparalleled Sanskrit poetry and drama.
Part 2 of Top 100 GK Questions with Answers: Indian Independence
To continue our journey through the Top 100 GK Questions with Answers, let’s look at the later stages of history and the physical landscape of India.
16. In which year did the Sepoy Mutiny, often called the First War of Indian Independence, take place?
A) 1857
B) 1885
C) 1905
D) 1919
Ans. A) 1857
Explanation: The rebellion began as a mutiny of sepoys (Indian soldiers) in the East India Company’s army at Meerut and quickly spread across northern India, marking the first major organized resistance against British rule.
17. The Swadeshi Movement started as a direct consequence of which event?
A) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
B) Rowlatt Act
C) Partition of Bengal
D) Chauri Chaura incident
Ans. C) Partition of Bengal
Explanation: It began in 1905 to protest Lord Curzon’s division of Bengal.
18. Who was the last Viceroy of British India?
A) Lord Curzon
B) Lord Mountbatten
C) Lord Dalhousie
D) Lord Irwin
Ans. B) Lord Mountbatten
Explanation: He managed the transition of power to independent India in 1947.
19. Who was the founder of the Indian National Congress (INC), established in 1885?
A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
B) Allan Octavian Hume
C) Dadabhai Naoroji
D) Mahatma Gandhi
Ans. B) Allan Octavian Hume
Explanation: A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, played a pivotal role in bringing educated Indians together to form the INC, which initially sought political reforms within British governance.
20. In which year did the Jallianwala Bagh massacre take place in Amritsar?
A) 1917
B) 1919
C) 1921
D) 1923
Ans. B) 1919
Explanation: British troops fired upon a peaceful gathering in Amritsar on April 13, 1919.
21. Which British Viceroy was responsible for the controversial Partition of Bengal in 1905?
A) Lord Dalhousie
B) Lord Irwin
C) Lord Curzon
D) Lord Mountbatten
Ans. C) Lord Curzon
Explanation: Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal on the pretext of administrative efficiency, but it was widely seen as a “divide and rule” tactic to weaken the rising nationalist movement in the region.
22. In which session did the Indian National Congress pass the famous ‘Poorna Swaraj’ (Complete Independence) resolution?
A) 1929 Lahore Session
B) 1920 Nagpur Session
C) 1931 Karachi Session
D) 1924 Belgaum Session
Ans. A) 1929 Lahore Session
Explanation: Presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore session declared complete independence as the INC’s ultimate goal and fixed January 26, 1930, as the first Independence Day.
23. The famous Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) launched by Gandhi in 1930 started from which location?
A) Dandi beach
B) Sabarmati Ashram
C) Yerwada Jail
D) Champaran
Ans. B)Sabarmati Ashram
Explanation: Gandhi Ji and 78 followers marched 240 miles from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad to the coastal village of Dandi to legally break the British monopoly on manufacturing salt.
24. Who gave the iconic slogan “Do or Die” (Karo ya Maro) during the Quit India Movement in 1942?
A) Subhas Chandra Bose
B) Bhagat Singh
C) Mahatma Gandhi
D) Lal Bahadur Shastri
Ans. C) Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Gandhi Ji delivered this speech at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay, urging Indians to act decisively to force the British out of India, even if it meant sacrificing their lives.
25. Who was the last Viceroy of British India who oversaw the transition of power and partition?
A) Lord Linlithgow
B) Lord Wavell
C) Lord Mountbatten
D) C. Rajagopalachari
Ans. C) Lord Mountbatten
Explanation: Lord Louis Mountbatten was appointed as the final Viceroy to expedite the transfer of power. He introduced the Mountbatten Plan, which led to the creation of independent India and Pakistan in August 1947.
26. Who was the prominent nationalist leader popularly known as ‘Sher-e-Punjab’ (The Lion of Punjab)?
A) Lala Lajpat Rai
B) Bhagat Singh
C) Udham Singh
D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Ans. A) Lala Lajpat Rai
Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai was a key leader of the Lal-Bal-Pal triumvirate. He earned this title for his fierce patriotism and died in 1928 after being brutally injured during a peaceful protest against the Simon Commission.
27. The slogan “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it!” was assertively declared by which leader?
A) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
C) Bipin Chandra Pal
D) Subhas Chandra Bose
Ans. B)Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Explanation: Tilak was one of the earliest and most passionate advocates of radical self-rule (Swaraj). He used his newspapers, Kesari and Mahratta, to awaken national consciousness among the masses.
28. In which year did the Kakori Train Action (formerly Kakori Train Robbery), organized by the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), take place?
A) 1920
B) 1925
C) 1929
D) 1931
Ans. B) 1925
Explanation: On August 9, 1925, revolutionaries like Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqullah Khan stopped a train near Kakori to secure British government money to buy weapons for their freedom struggle.
29. Who was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress?
A) Annie Besant
B) Sarojini Naidu
C) Aruna Asaf Ali
D) Vijayalakshmi Pandit
Ans. B) Sarojini Naidu
Explanation: While Annie Besant was the first woman president (1917), Sarojini Naidu, the “Nightingale of India,” became the first Indian woman president when she presided over the Kanpur session in 1925.
30. Who formed the ‘Azad Hind Fauj’ (Indian National Army) in Singapore to fight British forces?
A) Rash Behari Bose
B) Subhas Chandra Bose
C) Captain Mohan Singh
D) Chandrashekhar Azad
Ans. C) Captain Mohan Singh
Explanation: The INA was originally conceptualized and formed by Captain Mohan Singh in 1942 with Indian prisoners of war. Subhas Chandra Bose later revitalized and led it dynamically in 1943.
Part 3 of Top 100 GK MCQs: World Geography and Environmental Science
Keeping up with our Top 100 GK Questions with Answers, these geography and environmental facts often appear in competitive exams.
31. The Deccan Plateau is mainly composed of which type of rocks?
A) Sedimentary
B) Metamorphic
C) Igneous
D) Alluvial
Ans. C) Igneous
Explanation: It is formed from ancient basaltic volcanic eruptions.
32. Where is active volcano in India?
A) Goa
B) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
C) Lakshadweep Islands
D) Daman and Diu
Ans. B) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Explanation: India’s only active volcano is located on Barren Island, in the Andaman and Nicobar Island (about 140 km northeast of Port Blair).
33. Which soil type is considered most suitable for cotton cultivation?
A) Alluvial soil
B) Red soil
C) Laterite soil
D) Black soil
Ans. D) Black soil
Explanation: It retains moisture brilliantly, creating ideal conditions for cotton.
34. Which imaginary line divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?
A) Tropic of Cancer
B) Equator
C) Tropic of Capricorn
D) Prime Meridian
Ans. B) Equator
Explanation: This 0-degree latitude line wraps around the Earth’s center.
35. Which is the largest freshwater lake in India?
A) Chilika Lake
B) Vembanad Lake
C) Wular Lake
D) Pulicat Lake
Ans. C) Wular Lake
Explanation: Located in Jammu & Kashmir, it is fed by the Jhelum River.
36. Which mountain pass connects Srinagar to Leh?
A) Rohtang Pass
B) Nathu La Pass
C) Zoji La Pass
D) Shipki La Pass
Ans. C) Zoji La Pass
Explanation: It is a critical, high-altitude mountain pass in the Himalayas.
37. The Western Ghats are locally known by which name in Maharashtra?
A) Aravallis
B) Sahyadris
C) Nilgiris
D) Vindhyas
Ans. B) Sahyadris
Explanation: The Sahyadris span the northern extent of the Western Ghats.
38. Which continent is often historically referred to as the “Dark Continent”?
A) Asia
B) South America
C) Africa
D) Australia
Ans. C) Africa
Explanation: The term was coined by 19th-century European explorers unaware of its interior.
39. Which river is known as the “Sorrow of Bihar”?
A) Son
B) Gandak
C) Kosi
D) Ghaghara
Ans. C) Kosi
Explanation: It is prone to heavy siltation, leading to destructive floods.
40. Which is the largest island in the world?
A) New Guinea
B) Madagascar
C) Great Britain
D) Greenland
Ans. D) Greenland
Explanation: It is the largest non-continental island globally.
41. Which is the largest landlocked country (completely surrounded by land) in the world?
A) Mongolia
B) Kazakhstan
C) Bolivia
D) Chad
Ans. B) Kazakhstan
Explanation: Extending across Central Asia and Eastern Europe, Kazakhstan is the 9th largest country globally and the largest without direct access to an open ocean.
42. The standard time of any place is measured relative to the Prime Meridian, which passes through which city?
A) Paris, France
B) New York, USA
C) Greenwich, UK
D) Cairo, Egypt
Ans. C) Greenwich, UK
Explanation: The Prime Meridian (0 degree longitude) historically passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, serving as the reference point for Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
43. Which narrow body of water connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea?
A) Strait of Gibraltar
B) Bosporus Strait
C) Strait of Malacca
D) Suez Canal
Ans. A) Strait of Gibraltar
Explanation: This crucial 13-kilometer-wide strait separates Spain in Europe from Morocco in Africa, controlling maritime access between the Atlantic and Mediterranean.
44. In which ocean would you find the world’s largest island, Greenland?
A) Pacific Ocean
B) Indian Ocean
C) Atlantic Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
Ans. D) Arctic Ocean
Explanation: While geographically part of the North American continent and bordered by the North Atlantic, Greenland is mostly nestled within the freezing waters of the Arctic Ocean.
45. What type of rainfall is caused when moisture-laden air is forced to rise over a mountain range?
A) Convective rainfall
B) Cyclonic rainfall
C) Orographic rainfall
D) Frontal rainfall
Ans. C) Orographic rainfall
Explanation: As air hits a mountain, it ascends, cools, and condenses into rain on the windward side, leaving a dry “rain shadow” on the leeward side.
Part 4 of Top 100 GK Questions Answer: Indian Constitution and Polity
Continuing our Top 100 GK Questions with Answers, let’s delve deeper into Indian civic systems and polity.
46. Who formally appoints the Prime Minister of India?
A) Chief Justice of India
B) President of India
C) Speaker of Lok Sabha
D) Vice President
Ans. B) President of India
Explanation: The President invites the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha.
47. What is the maximum permitted strength of the Lok Sabha?
A) 545
B) 552
C) 550
D) 560
Ans. C) 550
Explanation: Prior to 2020, the maximum limit was 552 because it included 2 seats reserved for the Anglo-India community; however this provision was abolished by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act.
48. How many members are nominated by the President to the Rajya Sabha?
A) 2
B) 10
C) 12
D) 14
Ans. C) 12
Explanation: They are chosen for expertise in fields like arts, science, and literature.
49. Under which Article can the President’s Rule be imposed in a state?
A) Article 352
B) Article 356
C) Article 360
D) Article 370
Ans. B) Article 356
Explanation: It is invoked when a state’s constitutional machinery breaks down.
50. Which Constitutional amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 years?
A) 42nd Amendment
B) 44th Amendment
C) 61st Amendment
D) 73rd Amendment
Ans. C) 61st Amendment
Explanation: Passed in 1988, it empowered millions of young citizens to vote.
51. How many schedules does the Indian Constitution have at present?
A) 8
B) 10
C) 12
D) 14
Ans. C) 12
Explanation: Four schedules have been added to the original eight since 1950.
52. Which Article makes the right to primary education a Fundamental Right?
A) Article 21
B) Article 21A
C) Article 22
D) Article 24
Ans. B) Article 21A
Explanation: Added in 2002, ensuring free education for children aged 6 to 14.
53. Where is the Supreme Court of India physically located?
A) Mumbai
B) Kolkata
C) New Delhi
D) Chennai
Ans. C) New Delhi
Explanation: The apex court operates from the national capital.
54. Who serves as the Ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha?
A) President
B) Prime Minister
C) Vice President
D) Home Minister
Ans. C) Vice President
Explanation: The Vice President automatically presides over the Upper House.
55. Which independent body is responsible for conducting elections to the Parliament in India?
A) NITI Aayog
B) Election Commission of India
C) Supreme Court
D) Finance Commission
Ans. B) Election Commission of India
Explanation: It is an autonomous body that oversees state and national elections.
56. Which amendment added the Fundamental Duties to the Indian Constitution?
A) 42nd Amendment
B) 44th Amendment
C) 74th Amendment
D) 86th Amendment
Ans. A) 42nd Amendment
Explanation: Added in 1976, it lists the moral obligations of Indian citizens.
57. Which Article provides the Parliament the power to amend the Constitution?
A) Article 368
B) Article 370
C) Article 356
D) Article 360
Ans. A) Article 368
Explanation: It outlines the specific procedure for constitutional modifications.
58. Local government and Panchayati Raj fall under which list of the Constitution?
A) Union List
B) State List
C) Concurrent List
D) Residuary List
Ans. B) State List
Explanation: State legislatures have exclusive power to regulate local administration.
59. Who was the first President of independent India?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) S. Radhakrishnan
C) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
D) V.V. Giri
Ans. C) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Explanation: He served as President for the longest term, from 1950 to 1962.
60. Which part of the Constitution deals directly with the Directive Principles of State Policy?
A) Part II
B) Part III
C) Part IV
D) Part V
Ans. C) Part IV
Explanation: Inspired by Ireland, it guides the state to create an equitable society.
Part 5 of GK Question in English: General Science
A balanced exam strategy involves general science. Here are vital science questions from our Top 100 GK Questions with Answers series.
61. What is the standard SI unit of Force?
A) Joule
B) Watt
C) Newton
D) Pascal
Ans. C) Newton
Explanation: Named after Sir Isaac Newton, it measures the force applied to mass.
62. Which vital vitamin is scientifically known as ascorbic acid?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
Ans. C) Vitamin C
Explanation: It prevents scurvy and is highly prevalent in citrus fruits.
63. Which part of the cell is universally known as its powerhouse?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi body
Ans. C) Mitochondria
Explanation: They generate most of the cell’s ATP chemical energy.
64. Which chemical element sits at atomic number 1 on the periodic table?
A) Oxygen
B) Helium
C) Hydrogen
D) Carbon
Ans. C) Hydrogen
Explanation: It is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe.
65. What is the universal chemical formula for water?
A) HO
B) H2O
C) CO2
D) H2O2
Ans. B) H2O
Explanation: It consists of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom.
66. Who is credited with the discovery of penicillin?
A) Marie Curie
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Alexander Fleming
D) Isaac Newton
Ans. C) Alexander Fleming
Explanation: He discovered the first true antibiotic in 1928.
67. Which gas do plants primarily absorb from the air during photosynthesis?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon Dioxide
D) Hydrogen
Ans. C) Carbon Dioxide
Explanation: Plants absorb CO2 to convert solar energy into glucose.
68. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clotting at the site of an injury?
A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Platelets
D) Plasma
Ans. C) Platelets
Explanation: Platelets (thrombocytes) clump together and react with proteins in the plasma to form a plug, stopping bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged.
69. Who formulated the universal law of gravitation?
A) Albert Einstein
B) Galileo Galilei
C) Isaac Newton
D) Nikola Tesla
Ans. C) Isaac Newton
Explanation: He published it in his 1687 masterwork, Principia.
70. Which organ in the human body is primarily responsible for filtering and purifying blood?
A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Liver
D) Kidneys
Ans. D) Kidneys
Explanation: Kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine.
71. What is the average resting heart rate for a healthy adult?
A) 40-60 beats per minute
B) 60-100 beats per minute
C) 100-120 beats per minute
D) 120-140 beats per minute
Ans. B) 60-100 beats per minute
Explanation: This is the standard clinical benchmark for a normal resting pulse.
72. Which scientific instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
A) Thermometer
B) Hygrometer
C) Barometer
D) Anemometer
Ans. C) Barometer
Explanation: Invented by Torricelli, it is crucial for weather forecasting.
73. Which gas makes up the highest percentage of Earth’s atmosphere?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon Dioxide
C) Hydrogen
D) Nitrogen
Ans. D) Nitrogen
Explanation: Nitrogen is by far the most abundant gas in our atmosphere, making up roughly 78%, followed by oxygen at about 21%.
74. What type of lens is used to correct myopia (nearsightedness)?
A) Concave lens
B) Convex lens
C) Bifocal lens
D) Cylindrical lens
Ans. A) Concave lens
Explanation: Myopia occurs when the eye focuses light in front of the retina instead of on it. A concave (diverging) lens spreads the light out slightly before it enters the eye, pushing the focus point back onto the retina.
75. The Earth’s ozone layer protects life from which harmful rays of the sun?
A) Infrared rays
B) X-rays
C) Ultraviolet (UV) rays
D) Gamma rays
Ans. C) Ultraviolet (UV) rays
Explanation: The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun’s medium-frequency UV radiation.
Part 6 of GK Questions Answers: Space and Technology
As we near the end of our Top 100 GK Questions, let’s transition into basic space and technology.
76. Which launch vehicle was used by ISRO for the historic Chandrayaan-3 mission?
A) PSLV-C56
B) GSLV-Mk II
C) LVM3-M4
D) SSLV-D2
Ans: C) LVM3-M4
Explanation: Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3), formerly known as GSLV-Mk III, is ISRO’s heaviest operational rocket. It successfully placed the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft into orbit in July 2023.
77. In space technology, what does a “Low Earth Orbit” (LEO) typically refer to in terms of altitude?
A) Altitude between 160 km to 2,000 km
B) Altitude exactly at 35,786 km
C) Altitude above 50,000 km
D) Altitude below 50 km
Ans: A) Altitude between 160 km to 2,000 km
Explanation: LEO is the closest orbit to Earth. It hosts the International Space Station (ISS) and most remote sensing and communication satellite constellations because it requires less energy to reach.
78. Which engine technology uses liquid propellants at extremely low temperatures to provide high thrust efficiency?
A) Solid Rocket Motor
B) Cryogenic Engine
C) Scramjet Engine
D) Ion Thruster
Ans: B) Cryogenic Engine
Explanation: Cryogenic engines use supercooled liquid hydrogen as fuel and liquid oxygen as an oxidizer. They provide higher efficiency (specific impulse) compared to solid or conventional liquid engines, making them vital for heavy upper stages.
79. India became the first country to achieve what milestone with its Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan)?
A) Landing a rover on the Martian surface
B) Reaching Martian orbit on its maiden (first) attempt
C) Finding liquid water on Mars
D) Launching a spacecraft from an ocean-based platform
Ans: B) Reaching Martian orbit on its maiden attempt
Explanation: Launched in 2013, ISRO’s Mangalyaan successfully entered Mars’ orbit in September 2014, making India the first nation globally to do so on its very first try.
80. What is the name of India’s regional satellite navigation system, often referred to as the “Indian GPS”?
A) GLONASS
B) BeiDou
C) NavIC
D) GAGAN
Ans: C) NavIC
Explanation: NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) is an independent regional satellite navigation system developed by ISRO, designed to provide accurate position information service over India and a region extending 1,500 km around it.
81. What is the name of India’s first satellite, launched in 1975 using a Soviet rocket?
A) Rohini
B) Aryabhata
C) Bhaskara-I
D) INSAT-1A
Ans: B) Aryabhata
Explanation: Aryabhata was India’s historic first satellite. Built by ISRO to conduct experiments in X-ray astronomy and aeronomics, it was launched on April 19, 1975, using a Soviet Kosmos-3M launch vehicle.
82. Which orbit is unique because a satellite placed in it appears stationary relative to a fixed point on Earth’s surface?
A) Polar Orbit
B) Sun-Synchronous Orbit
C) Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)
D) Highly Elliptical Orbit
Ans: C) Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)
Explanation: GEO satellites circle the Earth above the equator at an altitude of approximately 35,786 km. Because their orbital period matches Earth’s rotation (24 hours), they appear fixed in the sky, making them perfect for weather monitoring and satellite TV.
83. What name is given to the landing site of Chandrayaan-3’s Vikram lander on the Moon?
A) Tiranga Point
B) Shiv Shakti Point
C) Jawahar Point
D) Shakti Sthal
Ans: B) Shiv Shakti Point
Explanation: In August 2023, the government of India officially named the touchdown site of the Chandrayaan-3 lander near the lunar south pole as “Shiv Shakti Point,” while the Chandrayaan-2 crash/impact site was named “Tiranga Point.”
84. What type of propulsion system utilizes air from the atmosphere to burn its onboard fuel at supersonic speeds?
A) Ramjet
B) Scramjet
C) Turbojet
D) Liquid Rocket Engine
Ans: B) Scramjet
Explanation: A Scramjet (Supersonic Combustion Ramjet) is an air-breathing engine that uses atmospheric oxygen rather than carrying its own oxidizer, allowing combustion to happen in a supersonic airflow.
85. Which Indian space mission discovered the widespread presence of water molecules (hydroxyl and water ice) on the lunar surface?
A) Chandrayaan-1
B) Chandrayaan-2
C) Mangalyaan
D) AstroSat
Answer: A) Chandrayaan-1
Explanation: Launched in 2008, India’s first lunar orbiter, Chandrayaan-1, carried NASA’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) instrument, which conclusively detected water ice and hydroxyl molecules on the Moon’s surface.
86. What does “SSLV” stand for in the context of ISRO’s rocket fleet?
A) Super Sonic Launch Vehicle
B) Small Satellite Launch Vehicle
C) Strategic Space Launch Vehicle
D) Solar Synchronous Launch Vehicle
Answer: B) Small Satellite Launch Vehicle
Explanation: The SSLV is a 3-stage all-solid launch vehicle developed by ISRO to cater to the commercial market for launching small satellites (up to 500 kg) into Low Earth Orbit quickly and cost-effectively.
87. Which cosmic phenomenon is India’s dedicated space observatory, AstroSat, designed to study?
A) Exoplanet atmospheres
B) Multi-wavelength observations of celestial sources (X-ray, UV, optical)
C) Gravitational waves
D) Solar flares exclusively
Answer: B) Multi-wavelength observations of celestial sources (X-ray, UV, optical)
Explanation: Launched in 2015, AstroSat is India’s first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory. It can simultaneously observe the universe in optical, ultraviolet, and low/high-energy X-ray bands.
88. What is the “Kármán Line,” often cited in international aerospace agreements?
A) The boundary between the Earth’s crust and mantle
B) The point where gravity becomes absolute zero
C) The internationally accepted boundary between Earth’s atmosphere and outer space
D) The orbit where space debris is most dense
Ans: C) The internationally accepted boundary between Earth’s atmosphere and outer space
Explanation: The Kármán Line sits at an altitude of 100 kilometers (62 miles) above Earth’s sea level. It represents the boundary where conventional aircraft can no longer generate lift and orbital mechanics must take over.
89. Who is fondly remembered as the “Father of the Indian Space Programme”?
A) Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
B) Dr. Satish Dhawan
C) Dr. Vikram Sarabhai
D) Dr. Homi Bhabha
Ans: C) Dr. Vikram Sarabhai
Explanation: Dr. Vikram Sarabhai envisioned the immense societal benefits of space technology for a developing nation. He was instrumental in establishing the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962, which later evolved into ISRO in 1969.
90. Who was the first Indian citizen to travel into outer space?
A) Ravish Malhotra
B) Rakesh Sharma
C) Kalpana Chawla
D) Sunita Williams
Ans: B) Rakesh Sharma
Explanation: Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma flew aboard the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz T-11 on April 2, 1984, spending nearly 8 days aboard the Salyut 7 space station, making him the first and only Indian citizen to date to travel to space.
Part 7 of 100 GK Questions: International Organizations
Here are the final ten entries to complete our Top 100 GK Questions with Answers guide.
91. Where is the official headquarters of the United Nations (UN) located?
A) Geneva, Switzerland
B) New York City, USA
C) The Hague, Netherlands
D) Brussels, Belgium
Ans. B) New York City, USA
Explanation: While the UN has major offices in Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi, its official headquarters has been located in New York City since 1961.
92. What international agreement did the World Trade Organization replace in 1995?
A) GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
B) NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
C) League of Nations Economic Committee
D) OPEC
Ans. A) GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
Explanation: Created in 1947, GATT regulated world trade through a series of negotiating rounds until the Marrakesh Agreement officially replaced it with the WTO in 1995.
93. Which of the following countries does not hold permanent veto power in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC)?
A) France
B) Japan
C) China
D) United Kingdom
Ans: B) Japan
Explanation: The “Big Five” permanent members with veto power are the US, UK, France, China, and Russia. Japan frequently serves as a non-permanent member but lacks veto power.
94. Which specialized agency of the United Nations is responsible for international public health?
A) UNICEF
B) UNESCO
C) WHO
D) UNDP
Ans: C) WHO
Explanation: The World Health Organization (WHO), established in 1948 and headquartered in Geneva, directs and coordinates international health initiatives.
95. Which institution administers the monetary policy of the Eurozone and manages the Euro currency?
A) European Council
B) European Commission
C) European Central Bank (ECB)
D) European Investment Bank
Ans: C) European Central Bank (ECB)
Explanation: Based in Frankfurt, Germany, the ECB works with the national central banks of EU members that have adopted the euro to maintain price stability.
96. What is the primary role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)?
A) Promoting nuclear weapon proliferation for defense
B) Promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy and inhibiting its military use
C) Storing global nuclear waste
D) Dismantling all civilian nuclear power plants
Ans: B) Promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy and inhibiting its military use
Explanation: Established in 1957 as the world’s “Atoms for Peace” organization within the UN family, it serves as the global nuclear inspectorate.
97. Unlike the G7, the G20 (Group of Twenty) explicitly includes which grouping of nations?
A) Only Western European nations
B) Systemically important industrialized and developing economies
C) Exclusively African nations
D) Only landlocked countries
Ans: B) Systemically important industrialized and developing economies
Explanation: The G20 brings together major industrialized nations and emerging economies (plus the European Union and African Union) to discuss international economic cooperation.
98. In which city is the headquarters of the World Health Organization (WHO) located?
A) New York
B) Paris
C) Geneva
D) London
Ans. C) Geneva
Explanation: This UN agency overseeing global public health is based in Switzerland.
99. Unlike the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which settles disputes between nations, the International Criminal Court (ICC) is designed to prosecute:
A) International trade disputes
B) Transnational corporations
C) Individuals accused of genocide and war crimes
D) Border and maritime disputes
Ans: C) Individuals accused of genocide and war crimes
Explanation: While both are located in The Hague, the ICJ handles legal disputes between states, whereas the ICC is an independent body that tries individuals for the gravest international crimes.
100. In which city is the Secretariat of ASEAN located?
A) Bangkok, Thailand
B) Jakarta, Indonesia
C) Singapore
D) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Ans: B) Jakarta, Indonesia
Explanation: ASEAN was established in 1967 with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration, but its permanent central secretariat was established and remains located in Jakarta.
Conclusion
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